Divorce Should Be Legalized in the Philippines Essay

I. Introduction Marriage is meant to last forever and vows usually include the phrase, â€Å"’til death do us part†. These are the words that most of us believed. Marriage is regarded as a sacred union between a man and a woman, thus, it must be cherished and valued with love. But what if the love that a couple once shared together fades away? What if the love becomes weak and unstable as time passes by? What if everything changes and a person started to live a life full of misery? One of their options to solve these problems would be the divorce. It should be implemented in the Philippines. Present situation demands it. Reality tells us that there are many failed, unhappy marriages across the nation. Marriage is never as blissful as people expect. Divorce is never as devastating as people imagine. Divorce gives people a fresh start to lead better lives. Living in a marriage where love, respect, friendship, and compatibility are gone is a life without hope. Let us think about other people suffering due to unhappiness brought by their marriage. What is the sense of being binded by a piece of paper when it is actually ruining your whole life? Divorce nullifies marriage, therefore, giving couples the freedom to remarry and to escape from an unhappy relationship. Divorce should be legalized in the Philippines. II. Background of the Paper This research paper entitled â€Å"Divorce should be legalized in the Philippines† aims to convince the readers by presenting different evidences that could change the reader’s perspective regarding the issue. The pieces of evidence that we gathered are from the articles of Evelyn Ursua (Positively Filipino) and Anne Umil (Bulatlat) entitled â€Å"Why the Philippines needs a divorce law?† and â€Å"Divorce bill, providing a remedy for women in abusive marriages†, an excerpt from Sen. Pia Cayetano’s privilege speech, annual comparative statistics on violence against women (2004-2011) and a poll result in an online website. The purposes of this research study are to define divorce and its concepts and to better understand the benefits of divorce when legalized in the Philippines. This paperwork also intends to review the issues and arguments that are being raised by the Filipinos. Also, this aims to clarify points about the issue. This paper covers the situation of fail and unhappy marriages in the country. Beyond all, this research paper is made to encourage and persuade the Filipinos to support the legalization of divorce in the country. A divorce is a legal action between married people to terminate their marriage relationship. It can be referred to as dissolution of marriage and is basically, the legal action that ends the marriage before the death of either spouse. The purpose of a divorce is to terminate the parties’ marriage. Marriage is a legal contract or a social union that unites people of the opposite sex who agree to live as a husband and a wife. It is a binding contract between two people who decide to join their lives, income and possessions. Marriage relationship forms a family unit that consists of a father, mother and children. It is also an institution where people acknowledge interpersonal relationships, which is usually sexual and intimate. Most people and cultures formalize a marriage union through a wedding ceremony. Reasons for marriage include emotional, social, legal, religion and spiritual obligations. An annulment is legal decree that states that a marriage was never valid. The legal effect of an annulment is to void the marriage as though it never existed. Cases where annulments have been granted in the past based on fraud includes citizenship, sexual relationship, character, honesty, health, financial, and religi on III. Body Divorce has become one of the major issues in our society for the past years. The social acceptability of divorce has varied widely across historical periods, religious faiths, and cultures but not in the Philippines. Other than the Vatican City, Philippines is the only nation that outlaws divorce. The Philippines is known for being a strong Christian nation, with over 80% of its population as Roman Catholics. They are the group that is known to be against the divorce issue. According to the article from Positively Filipino Magazine entitled â€Å"Why the Philippines Needs a Divorce Law† by Evalyn Ursua, the Catholic Church will be the greatest opponent of the divorce bill. It was once argue against the bill on moral grounds. But the Catholic Church does not need to worry. The institutions of marriage and the family have survived to this day, as they will survive a Philippine divorce law. We are a secular state, where no religious group has the right to define law or policy for the entire population. The law should only give people a choice, to be exercised according to their own personal beliefs. We can clearly see that our Catholic orientation has been a dominant factor. Divorce is something that we should adopt. Remember that Spain is the root of Christianity yet divorce had been implemented. They are now benefiting from it. A lot of people fear that divorce might erode the values and teachings of the Catholic Church. The cases of Italy and Spain (two Catholic countries which practice divorce) are clear evidences of its invalidity. In accordance with House Bill No. 1799 filed by the Gabriela Women’s Party last July 27, 2010, Italy had only 7% while Spain registers 15% of divorce rate. In addition to that, over 90% of the poll respondents are in favor of divorce. In an official poll that ran from December 19 to January 3, 92.44 percent or 40,414 voted â€Å"Yes† to the question, â€Å"Are you in favor of divorce in the Philippines?† This shows that the public, regardless of their marital status, is now more open to accept the possibility of divorce. Everyone should have the right to escape from a bad marriage and be happy again. Falling into wrong decision actually happens. If we legalize divorce in our country, people with fail marriage will be given a chance and freedom to choose the right one for them so they will not have to suffer from a marriage that is not working anymore. Moreover, there’s no assurance that people who get divorced want to find a new spouse. Everyday, there are Filipinos who get married, bear children, separate and get into other relationships, regardless of what the law says. The lack of a divorce law for Filipinos complicates further the marital and family problems of many Filipinos. Our Government has clearly failed to respond to their needs. If the country wants to move forward, it has to confront the realities of marital and family life of Filipinos in the Philippines. Let’s give other people another chance to live life with their desired happiness. The divorce law needs to be legalized in the Philippines now. The researchers also put forward the claim that the process of Annulment is allowed in the Philippines but why not divorce? After all, Annulment and divorce are just the same – it targets separation. However, Annulment only allows a legal separation through a legal settlement. This will not allow any of the parties to remarry. Because of the Family Code, some Filipinos think that we do not need a divorce for it already provides to cease a marriage through â€Å"annulment†. This argument misleads. The remedy of annulment is based on specified grounds that occurred at the time of the celebration of the marriage, such as lack of parental consent and vitiated consent. The remedy of annulment expires, and the defect may actually be cured by ratification through free and voluntary cohabitation (Positively Filipino, 2013). When lay people speak of â€Å"annulment† as a means of terminating a marriage, they actually refer to the remedy under Article 36 of the Family Code. Article 36 declares that a marriage is void from the beginning when one or both spouses are psychologically incapacitated to perform the essential marital obligations. Under Article 36, a court does not terminate a marriage but only declares it void. One must prove psychological incapacity by presenting evidence on three essential elements of the condition: that it already existed before the marriage; that it is grave or serious; and that it is incurable. To do this, one usually needs the help of a psychiatrist or psychologist to testify as an expert witness (Positively Filipino, 2013). Article 36 of the Family Code only nullifies a marriage when one has proved that he or she is psychologically incapacitated (Bulatlat, 2011). Therefore, annulment has no defined grounds and terms for terminating a marriage. Here is why the writers assert that divorce should be implemented in the Philippines. In support to this, Senator Pia Cayetano once stated in her privilege speech, â€Å"I’ll tell you why. I’ve talked to lawyers, psychologists and psychiatrists and it’s so traumatic to go through annulment because under our Philippine laws, you have to blame someone, you have to say you’re incapacitated, you’re saying that this marriage never existed, which is not true,† A divorce law will provide a remedy that Article 36 does not. Divorce does not concern itself with validity or invalidity of a marriage. It terminates a marriage based on a ground that occurred during the marriage, which makes the marital relationship no longer tenable, regardless of the spouse’s psychological constitution. A divorce law will provide a straightforward remedy to a marital failure. It will benefit Filipinos wherever they are. Conforming to an article (Bulatlat, 2011), an annulment case takes two years or longer to arrive at a conclusion. It could reach P250, 000 which includes attorney fees, court docketing fee and filing fees, etc. In 2010, a little over 7000 couples were granted annulment; most of these are well-to-do, because it takes a lot of money to have an annulment (WordPress, 2011). A blogger whose marriage is annulled claims that she disbursed P100, 000 for the judge, solicitor general and initial investigator, as well as everybody involved in the case since her annulment case is not moving after one year. After shelling out P100, 000, the case was concluded within a month. The total cost of the process was P175, 000 (Bulatlat, 2011). Thus, if the law is passed, divorce will be cheaper than annulment. Given the fact that most of the people in our country are financially challenged to stop unhealthy married life, divorce is the way to get peace out of a futile marriage. Divorce is the answer for both men and women who feel used, battered or tortured mentally in their marriage. Today, divorce is one way to le ssen violence. Annulment is just a legal separation and does not allow women to have a right to be happily remarried. This completely rejects the idea of new life– divorce does. The last and final argument that the researchers want to specify is the increasing rate of battered wife in the Philippines. The most common violence against women in the Philippines is the intimate partner violence – but married women in the Philippines have no way out. The abuse can be verbal, physical or psychological. According to the Annual Comparative Statistics on Violence against Women (2004 – 2011), wife battery ranked highest at 49% of all forms of violence and abuse against women. This is one of the reasons why divorce should be legalized in the Philippines. Women, nowadays, lack confidence because they know that there are no laws to support them. Couples remain living together due to the lack of a law that would allow them to legally and properly part ways, and seek the peace and happiness that they couldn’t find in their present partner. It would be best for a couple to part ways rather than to live together under one roof and sin through their violence that will affect and traumatize the innocent children. In millions of households, both men and women who are trapped in marital commitment constantly quarrel, often in front of their helpless children who grow up in a confused and violent environment. Often, men turn to other women and bear illegitimate children, and then abandon their legal wives and children because of laxity of laws that should have held them accountable. As stated in an article entitled â€Å"Philippines needs divorce law.† by Val G. Abelgas, â€Å"It is not a coincidence that those pushing for the divorce bill in Congress are women. It is also not a coincidence that all over the world, a big percentage of those filing for divorce are women. It is not difficult to understand that in most failed marriages, it is the women who suffer more – victims of domestic abuse and violence, and neglected or abandoned by philandering or alcoholic husbands.† Many of these women suffer in silence in the Philippines. And yet, they are confined to their hopeless situation because of the lack of a divorce law. It is obvious that most of people who are in favor in legalization of divorce in Philippines are women. We cannot deny the fact that they are the usual victims of abusive marriages. Divorce might be the solution to these problems. It could provide protection to the battered women and their children. It could save a wife from being beaten daily by a drunken husband. Divorce wouldn’t necessarily destroy the foundation of the family. It gives hope to the couples to rebuild their lives and have a normal relationship. It’s a reality that many are suffering from abusive marriages. Why let someone be stuck in a marriage where love and respect don’t exist anymore? Why deny them the chance to regain their liberty and happiness? Not legalizing divorce is a total injustice to these people. IV. Counter Argument The opponents, particularly the Catholic Church, claim that â€Å"What God has put together, let no man put asunder† or â€Å"Marriage is sacred, what was bound by God can’t be dissolved by man†. They believe that God did not make man and woman to be united and then separated if they got into some problems. For this reason, Catholic Church argues that divorce is contrary to the law of God, â€Å"Divorce breaks the contract to which the spouses freely consented to live with each other till death†. Therefore, people who opposed the divorce bill think it was only men who want it, not God. Furthermore, â€Å"moralists† feel that the divorce bill will just result to the breakdown of families. They concede that strong family foundation is the backbone of a stable society. Divorce threatens this foundation that can lead to the erosion of the society. It weakens the bond between the couple that tends to lessen the chance of facing the hardships and difficulties of a married couple. This instability of the families may yieldto the rearrangements and readjustments of the familial relationships that may bring psychological problems to the children. Children will become maladjusted and potentially harmful or destructive adults. Hence, they suppose that divorce will make the value and institution of marriage meaningless. Moreover, critics said that divorce is unconstitutional. They contended that it is stated in the 1987 Philippine Constitution that â€Å"Marriage is an inviolable social institution, is the foundation of the family and shall be protected by the State†. Divorce will be a threat against the family which the constitution pledged to protect as an inviolable institution. Therefore, to be able to allow divorce, the constitution would need t o be amended first. V. Conclusion We, the researchers, therefore conclude that divorce should be legalized in the Philippines because couples should have the option to choose for remedies that will help them in obtaining their self actualization. The remedy is divorce. They should have the right to escape from marriages that they entered before and let them live a new and happy life. Given the aforementioned evidences, the researchers strongly claim that legalizing divorce would be a big help for Filipinos. The lawmakers should prioritize the divorce bill because the existing laws are not enough to address their needs. What we need is a divorce law that defines clearly and unequivocally the grounds and terms for terminating a marriage. Life is too short to be married to someone you don’t want to be married to. Divorce is a choice and we all should have the freedom to make choices. Simplify the divorce process and let the couples continue on with their lives in to find the partner they will be happy with to live their lives. Furthermore, in cases where a union is more harmful than beneficial, a divorce can be a benevolent and less hurtful way of severing ties with your partner. When the marriage is no longer viable, divorce should be an option. . References Abelgas, V.G. (2012, May 29). Philippines needs divorce law. Global Balita. Retrieved from http://globalbalita.com/2012/05/29/philippines-needs-divorce-law/ Umil, A.M.D.(2011, June 14). Divorce bill, providing a remedy for women in abusive marriages. Retrieved from http://bulatlat.com/main/2011/06/14/divorce-bill-providing-a-remedy-for-women-in-abusive-marriages/ Ursua, E.G. (2013, February 1). Why the Philippines needs a divorce law? Positively Filipino Magazine. Retrieved from http://positivelyfilipino.com/magazine/ 2013/2/why-the-philippines-needs-a-divorce-law Statistics on violence against Filipino women. Philippine Commission on Women. (2012, October 2). Retrieved from http://pcw.gov.ph/statistics/201210/statistics-violence-against-filipino-women Over 90% of poll respondents favor divorce in PH. Inquirer News. (2013, January 3). Retrieved from http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/334579/over-90-of-poll-respondents-favor-divorce-in-ph

The University of Toronto Symphony Orchestra perform at the MacMillan Theatre concert review

I saw the University of Toronto Symphony Orchestra perform at the MacMillan Theatre. The conductor for this group was named David Briskin. No guest artist/conductor appeared to perform with the U of T Symphony Orchestra. It was performed, as I said before, at the Macmillan Theatre, which is located in the Edward Johnson Building. The address is 80 Queens Park Ave. The venue was efficient and large, as the sound would echo across the room. The seats were quite comfortable and well designed. The seating capacity was 815 in the Theatre. There were approximately 500 people who attended. The floor was on a slope in rows, and it had 2 tiers. Short Description of Performing Group There were no modified instruments for this performance. This band would be considered an amateur band, as they are students and do not get paid for their performance, but they played like a professional band. The men wore tuxedos, while the women wore black dresses of any version, with the exception of the two piano players who wore flower dresses, which looked quite well on them. The Concert as a Whole The concert was overall quite entertaining. At times, however, I was not as enthusiastic as I was before, as the songs dragged on, so at parts it wasn't as exciting as other parts. I feel that this concert was universal, as anyone who has a love for classical music could come and enjoy the pieces the orchestra played. Considering, however, that younger kids like more edgy and pop music, I think an older audience would gladly attend more than a younger audience. The concert was well paced, with an intermission so the audience could discuss and have a chat with their mates. Comment on Performance This performance was one for the ages, as it was a job well done by the orchestra. They began the performance with a prelude. This song used dynamics strongly, as the orchestra played extremely soft, as if the band wasn't playing. The French horn had a mini solo which was played well. The next part had the violins playing the fast part of the song. The violins, in my opinion, played a little bit too loud, but the oboe overcame that as it had many melodies which were played strong. The third section introduced the harp, which played an elegant melody. The crescendos and decrescendos were nice, and there was an interesting part where the flutes play, and the violins playback. The last section also had varied in tempos, and the trumpet played the melody with confidence. The second piece (Tabuh-Tabuhan) brought in the 2 piano players, Megan Chang and Magumi Okamoto. These two players played their parts with much excitement, as they hit every key as it was their last. The wooden xylophone was introduced in this movement also. This second movement was much more colourful than the first, with the dramatic style used for this piece, but at times it had an eerie feeling as well. My favourite piece was the one after the intermission (Symphony No. 40 in G minor, K. 550), as for my grade 8 exam, I had to play various parts form it, and it was nice to hear the clarinet play the mini solos so fluently, and how the clarinet part fits in with the whole orchestra! There were different styles, as one song may be dramatic and slow, then the next will increase in tempo, then a very fast tempo to end off the movement. Overall, the performance was a job well done, and they played it exceptionally well. I would love to listen to them again. Comment on Technical Aspects of Concert I feel that Fred Perruzza (Director of Operations), Ian Albright (Technical Assistant), and Bob Dunkin (Production Assistant) deserve special acknowledgement for their efforts on keeping the technology together for the Orchestra's performance. The setting was effective acoustically, and the atmosphere was exceptional. The lighting did not have to change, and it was very visible to see all the instruments, and the audience lights were dimmed low enough to pay attention to the orchestra. It lightened up the mood for the concert. Comment on the Audience & Response Many elders attended this concert, and many university students showed, and all of Mr. Gray's fine young students attended! All types of cultural mixes attended, and wealthier classes attended. The audience was consistent with the interest for the first half, but for the second half, part of the audience began to feel drowsy and not as into it as they used to be. Even when the orchestra would play some heavy notes, the audience did not shake from the loud music made by the orchestra. They did respond consistently, however, clapping with tremendous applause after each symphony. The applause was polite, as they are people from a wealthier upper class level, and clapped with politeness. A few of the younger students, however, clapped spontaneously, or didn't clap at all. Nobody from Mr. Gray's class, however. During the intermission, everyone talked about how the solos were played, and how specific instruments hit some of the high notes played. After the performance, many teenagers spoke about the performance and how they wouldn't mind listening to it again. To Sum Up I enjoyed this concert, and I would love to hear them play again. It was nice, as I recognized one of the pieces they played (Symphony No. 40 in G minor, K. 550, by W.A Mozart), and I knew what part they were at, as I had to play bits of it for my grade 8 exam. It was an enjoyable experience, and I would recommend it to anyone! If you do not have anything to do one evening, take a visit and listen to the University of Toronto Symphony Orchestra, you will be amazed, and it will be worth it!

Baoding balls Essay

Baoding balls are believed to have originated in Baoding, a small town in the Heibei province of China during the reign of the Ming dynasty( Luo, 1991). Baoding balls were originally known as Iron Balls, since the early Baoding balls were made of iron balls. At present, the Iron material that was originally used in making Baoding balls has been replaced with chrome-plated steel. Some modern day Baoding ball designs has been modified to be made of light materials forged into a hollow ball, containing a chime in the hollow space inside. This modification has caused the Baoding ball to be sometimes called rhyme balls. Baoding balls are generally used for exercise. It can also be used for meditation and can also be also be utilized for medical and therapy purposes. There are many possible forms of exercise that may employ the use of Baoding balls. A user may also design his own routine using his Baoding ball, depending on his preference. Baoding balls are good at relieving Arthritis, and may benefit individuals suffering from Carpal Tunnel syndrome (CTS) and other manual diseases. Baoding balls are also good at restoring or improving manual dexterity. At some extent, it can even be used in therapy against hand paralysis. Scientifically, the effects of Baoding balls are yet to be proven, but alternative medicine advocates ascertain that the Baoding balls can really help, health wise, by touching pressure points during their rotation in the palm. By touching pressure points, the Baoding balls can improve blood circulation and at the same time, helps muscles, nerves, and tissues relax. Baoding balls are usually used in pairs. For exercises, the Baoding balls are placed in the palm and are rotated clockwise or counterclockwise through hand motion. Advance exercises using the Baoding balls may employ additional balls, aside from the two Baoding balls employed in the basic exercises. Some Baoding ball users may use up to three Baoding balls at a time. Other users may also set rules to improve their exercises routine, such as not allowing the Baoding balls to touch each other during the exercises. Other variations to hand exercises using Baoding balls may also be made to suit the needs and preference of the users. Although the health effects of Baoding balls still lay as a mystery to the western medical sciences, the Chinese has spent centuries using the Baoding balls, and living up as witnesses to the health benefits that it can give. References Cited Luo, Steve. 1991. The Mysterious Iron Balls of Boading. Qi: The Journal of Traditional Eastern Health & Fitness. Retrieved on May 22, 2010 from http://www. qi-journal. com/culture

Draft Leadership Critique Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Draft Leadership Critique - Assignment Example One of the theories on leadership is by James Burns known as transformational theory of leadership. This theory is based on the belief that leaders and their followers work mutually in order to grow each other to higher levels of morality and motivation. It mostly involves engaging the minds and hearts of the employees (Ray, 2013, 59). It is beneficial in ensuring that everyone in the organization eventually reaches a higher sense of motivation, satisfaction with their work and a greater sense of achievement. In order for this kind of leadership to be successful, there is a need for a certain level of trust and concern rather than having control over the employees. This theory implies that leaders can only make employees follow in their footsteps of they also follow what they preach. Some of the main criticism of this theory is that it is too enlist and places too much emphasis on heroic aspects of leadership. The expected end result of this is that the followers are bound to be oppressed in a certain way. Transformational leaders rule under the notion that they have some sort of special abilities that their employees have no access to. Consequently, the destiny of their followers is tightly linked to the ambitions of their leaders. Secondly, in this kind of leadership, there is a likelihood that followers by be manipulated by their leaders and eventually end up losing more than they gain (Lussier & Achua, 2010, 39). Transactional theory of leadership, on the other hand, is based on the idea that the relationship that exists between leaders and their employees develops from the exchange of some form of reward (Bertocci, 2009, 56). The reward could be in terms of salary, praise, recognition or performance ratings. The main limitation of this form of leadership is that it implies that leaders will only reward employees when their

Essay on Daoism Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

On Daoism - Essay Example In addition to the scenario, quest of Western materialism for peace has also provided Daoism with the opportunity for huge appreciation as a philosophical discipline. According to Eva Wong â€Å"Many people will experience, at least once in their lifetime, the urge to venture beyond the everyday world of the mundane into the world of spirit. These journeys into the spiritual world often take us into a universe we normally do not encounter in our daily lives, and allow us to explore regions of our consciousness that we have not before known† (1). While the Western philosophical discipline often fails to answer an individual’s questions regarding spiritual consciousness, Daoism, in this context, has been regarded as an effective source to solve these queries: â€Å"The spiritual landscape of Taoism is a kaleidoscope of colors and sounds. It is also a land of silence and stillness. It can be friendly and attractive, and at the same time challenging and dangerous† (W ong 1). Irrespective of the fact that it is quite difficult to restrain Daoism within a particular time frame, however, it can be said approximately that in A.D. 215 journey of Daoism commenced as a religious discipline through initiatives of Cao Cao (Robinet, and Brooks 2). Like all the major religious disciplines Daoism is still very much alive and continuously evolving. Though Cao Cao can be identified as a prime figure in recognizing Daoism, however, it has been widely argued that Daoism has never been founded and it is continuously evolving through different dimensions of human lives (Hu, and Allen 6). Daoism as a Religious Discipline: The literal meaning of Dao or Tao is â€Å"the way, the road people walk on† (Hu, and Allen 3). There are numerous instances of wide usage of the terminology in various philosophical disciplines of ancient China and consequently also makes it clear that Daoism cannot be confined within scope a particular philosophical domain; rather the ev aluative capacity of this discipline is actually a result of different ideologies: â€Å"The â€Å"Tao† of the Tao Te Ching (Daodejing, Taoism’s foremost sacred text) was actually only one of many understandings of the word in ancient China. However, just as the â€Å"Tao† of the Tao Te Ching is the original force that encompasses all, the religion and philosophical system inspired by Tao Te Ching has also demonstrated inclusiveness by incorporating many other ancient understandings of the word into Taoism itself† (Hu, and Allen 3-4). Thus, the vast expanse of Daoism encompasses almost all dimensions of human life, especially in the Chinese cultural context. This integrity is one of the main reasons that the differencing limits between being Daoist and being Chinese is often blurred. Apart from scholarly and academic disciplines, the common people of China also encounter the problem when it comes to differentiating between being a Daoist and being a Chine se. The evolutionary process of the religious and philosophic discipline is so deeply associated with every dimension of Chinese socio-cultural existence that starting from daily life style, attitude towards life, personal philosophy, healthcare and even different incidents of the Chinese social history bear the evidence of the influence of Daoism: â€Å"Taoism has interacted with integrated many elements of what is now recognized as Chinese civilization, and,

Patton Lessons in Leadership by Alan Axelrod Essay

Patton Lessons in Leadership by Alan Axelrod - Essay Example The main focus of the said work is the collection of the knowledge and the lessons brought about by George S. Patton, one of the most successful military general in the US. The most significant of the said concepts is the application suggestions to the corporate America even in the absence of war (Axelrod, 2001). The ideas of George S. Patton can be considered innovative but unconventional for his time. Although this is the case, upon the study of the published work, a significant affirmation regarding the feasibility of the ideas can be considered as the driving force for the popularity of the presented concepts and ideas. The views of Patton covered an extensive variety of experiences he related to leadership in any form, specifically the needs of the present era (Axelrod, 2001). One of the most evident attributes of Patton is his confidence to execute his decisions and views, a character that can be considered to have an important role in his capability to achieve goals, act upon what he planned and motivate his people. When one observes a leader such as Patton, at some point, following his goals and views can be inevitable. This can be attributed to his achievements during his leadership. The different concepts in leadership based on Patton can be related to the leadership image, communication in the organization, setting up of priorities, teamwork, performance, loyalty and achievement. The ideas presented in the published work mainly revolve in the corresponding applications of the concepts and methods Patton applied in military leadership during the war and the needs of the corporate world in terms of leadership. One of the ideas is projected in the development and upholding of the image of the leader. According to Patton, to be able to achieve success as a leader, the image for the people to follow is one of the most important factors.

History and Development of Human Resource Management Essay

History and Development of Human Resource Management - Essay Example Traditionally, there was no clearly organized personnel management as most trades were carried out by individuals and their families (Koster, 2002). As time progressed and industries established, it became necessary to find innovative ways of managing human resources in order to achieve business success hence the introduction of personnel management which evolved into HRM and other concepts such as strategic HRM and international HRM. In view of this, the paper will discuss the history, development and the importance of HRM. History and Development of Human Resource Management Personnel management can be traced back to the time of Hammurabi, the king of Babylon who developed a code of laws that set wages for labourers (Bach & Sisson, 2000). Other aspects of personnel management were found in the way the craftsmen handled their trades and passed on skills to apprentices. There were no special people to oversee the work of others but each individual was responsible for his/her own work . However, as technology advanced the nature of work changed and also the manner in which work was managed. Most craftspeople started organizing into guilds to guard their trade from intruders and take care of the welfare of each other such as providing mutual insurance for those in need of assistance (Ivancerich, 2006). The industrial revolution which began in the middle of the 18 Th century changed the face of working relationship completely and prompted the search for ways of managing workers. It led to the introduction of the factory system and wage labour instead of workers utilizing their skills to make items for sale on their own. They also started specializing in tasks as opposed to the old system where one performed a range of tasks to complete an item hence interdependence of tasks (Koster, 2002). The nature of the factory system required rules to govern the behaviour of employees and to end sure they produced results hence the beginning of personnel management.

Neanderthals Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Neanderthals - Research Paper Example Some suggests that the species mated with the human and disappeared into the other human species. Others think Neanderthals were underwent extinction since they could not compete favorably with humans a process that Charles Darwin would call natural selection. The origins of the Neanderthals can be traced back to about 250 years ago when a discovery of a born resembling that of a long-dead bear was made in Germany. However, a closer look at the born later suggested that they were not those of a bear as earlier thought. This is because the bones resembled those of human beings despite being excessively thick and oddly shaped. During the discovery, fifteen pieces of the skeleton and a skullcap were found at the site. The skullcap was found to be that which usually covers the human brain. Because of the strangeness of the remains, it became necessary to conduct a thorough examination on it leading to the fossil being handed over to Herrmann Schaafhausen, a local anatomist to do more research (Stefoff 11). Upon examination, Schaafhausen noticed that the fossils were human but only differed from those of the modern human being slightly. He concluded that the remains might have originated from the wild races, which lived in northwestern Europe documented by scholars. The place was called the Neander valley. However, Rudolf Virchow, a German anatomist also examined the remains and concluded that the peculiar thick, curved bone of the Neanderthal skeleton might have been caused by rickets. He went on to suggest that the peculiar structure of the skull might have been a result of blows to the head and arthritis. Upon thorough examination of the bones, Virchow disagreed with the earlier conclusions that the remains originated from the earlier primitive tribesmen. On his part, he concluded that the bones belonged to the unfortunate individuals who lived in the past (Stefoff 11). The conclusion

The Strategies that Mountain Bank Should Implement to Achieve a Essay

The Strategies that Mountain Bank Should Implement to Achieve a Competitive Advantage - Essay Example Since the Swiss and European banks operate in a different way, this new scenario poses new challenges for implementing controls. In order for Mountain Bank to thrive in its sphere, it is crucial that it implements certain elements in its practice. For instance, it must understand the specialty of its product. Will it penetrate e-banking? Will it accommodate to student loans or mortgage? Deciding to penetrate a target market is the first step towards achieving competitive study. Since Mountain Bank offers many business services, such as retail banking, lending, real estate and corporate banking, it must complete a SWOT analysis to understand the true essence of profitability that each sector can give. Banks, such as Chase and PNC, utilized the points system and spending methods to attract customers. Similarly, Mountain Bank must develop a unique core strategy that creates customer value overtime. Another crucial element that Mountain Bank must embed in its organization in order to gai n a competitive advantage is to enact a cost leadership strategy. It is clear that the mortgage sector has been struggling for years as the recessive environment continues to hurt the economy. Thus, the clear way channel to penetrate the cost leadership strategy is to focus on commodities that other financial banks are not exploiting. Introducing a higher rate for savings account can dramatically be one of the innovative solutions towards creating a brand revenue channel. 2.Describe the types of practices a human resource professional should recommend for Mountain Bank with respect to its tellers, based on the universalistic approach and commitment strategy.   As a premier bank, it is essential that human resources individuals continue to implement strict rules of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act along with strict auditing standards to achieve an excellent commitment strategy. The goal is to excel in providing customers with products that accommodate to their needs while adhering to strict standards that deter frauds. Another element that is crucial in developing these criteria is enterprise risk management system which is applied in order to mitigate the risks that can plague banks such as frauds or bad investments. Moreover, the economy in the past years has been weak, not to say the least. Banks have been defaulting in loans as creditors have failed to pay their loans. These trickled effects have been a domino effect internationally. When one bank is hit by a fraud, it has a dynamic impact throughout the banks in the international front. The bank already was mounted with numerous amounts of risks and troubles prior to this massive problem. The Wall Street Journal reports that many banks, such as UBS, were charged $2 billion for conducting unauthorized trades. Such practices have to be eliminated in order to achieve a higher level of efficiency. 3.Discuss the four human resource strategies (internal/cost, external cost, internal/differentiation, and external/differe ntiation) that may be implemented within an organization.   The four human resource strategies that are associated with internet and external cost and differentiation can be implemented in many ways. First and foremost is the fact that the HR must enact a means of benchmarking organizational performance. An organization performance examines the HRM-firm performance link and allows the bank to evaluate their methodological challenges of measuring

To What Extent is the Employment Relationship Based on the Expression Essay

To What Extent is the Employment Relationship Based on the Expression of Conflicting Interests - Essay Example The overt manifestations of employment relationship conflict such as low productivity, high turnover and high absenteeism are common. The covert manifestations of employment relationship conflict by their analysis of informal work groups, decision-making networks can be highlighted as well. The employment relationship conflicts are largely provided by poor management, poorly designed jobs and the presence of differences over the distribution of economic benefits and returns. In the following parts of this paper, different manifestations of conflicting interests between employer and employee are accounted for including the ways to reduce the level of conflict between them. Subsequent to that, personal viewpoint is included with a recent example of interest conflict between employee and employer before adding the conclusion part. Employment relationship: Manifestations and resolutions of conflicting interests The employment relationship comprises of both cooperation and conflict betwee n employer and employee. ... put their attention on numerous overt manifestations of employment relationship conflict such as job satisfaction and low productivity, high turnover and high absenteeism. Moreover, HR specialists have also highlighted the covert employment relationship conflict through their analysis of informal work groups (among management personnel and employees), decision-making networks and organizational culture. The HR specialists believe that the employment relationship conflict stems from poor management and can be diminished by the improved management (Lewin 2001). In this regard, Taylor (1911) contended that management-worker conflict was largely contributed by poorly designed jobs and the presence of differences over the distribution of economic returns from a relatively low level of productive outcome. Taylor (1911) further argued that by applying industrial engineering principles to the work re-design (including managerial work); the level of productivity would be enhanced considerably and would lead to much bigger economic returns to the management capital and labour. But, it was also the case that workers were increasingly chaffed under the framework of work system required them staunchly to follow the commands and orders of the supervisors (foremen) and that emboldened management to tighten (or threaten to tighten) standard work times at its own will. Furthermore, this work system considered workers as un-dimensional. In order to overcome this narrow concept of the worker and to deal with growing worker dissatisfaction with the framework of scientific management, the pioneers of the human relations movement directed employers’ attention towards workers’ social needs and to the significance of the informal work group (Roethlisberger & Dickson 1939). The notion

A critical analysis of nursing care for Gina Essay

A critical analysis of nursing care for Gina - Essay Example In1860,Florence Nightingale recognized the importance of theory and process in health care,and her message has gotten stronger as the years have progressed.Nurses in the UK today are trained in clinical practice and the importance of following defined methods and practices. Regardless of the specific practice model they follow, first and foremost nurses must adhere to the Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC, 2004) code of professional conduct: standards for conduct, performance and ethics. The code sets the standards on matters such as patient respect, consent, teamwork, confidentiality, professional competence, trustworthiness, and risk mitigation. However, the NMC does not specify how a nurse is to embody these standards.Most nurses and health facilities utilise nursing models to guide nursing practice, for example, Roper-Logan-Tierney (1996); Neuman, as cited in Ume-Nwagbo, DeWan, & Lowry (2006); and multiple theories/models as cited in Aggleton & Chalmers (2000). In addition to sp ecific author-developed models, nursing models are delineated as a function of patient care: total patient care, functional, team, and primary (Tiedman & Lookinland, 2004). The nursing field has long recognized the importance of "innovative practice models" or "structural approaches to nursing practice" (Weisman, 1991).One particular model, the Roper-Logan-Tierney (RLT) model, originally published in 1980 with revisions in 1985, 1990, and 1996, is a commonly used model in the United Kingdom particular at National Health Service hospitals. ... 1. Maintaining a safe environment 2. Communicating 3. Breathing 4. Eating & dressing 5. Eliminating 6. Personal cleansing & dressing 7. Controlling body temperature 8. Mobilizing 9. Working & playing 10. Expressing sexuality 11. Sleeping 12. Dying Upon admission to hospital, most patients in an acute care setting have physical problems that impact their ability to satisfactorily complete these tasks, thus the model can be used in multiple clinical settings (Walsh, 1998). The authors (1996) indicate they recognize the influence of non-medical factors including psychological, socio-cultural, environmental, and politico-economic on resources supporting satisfactory completion of AL, however he model is not without its criticisms, which shall be discussed as applied to and following the Case Description. A nursing model alone is necessary, but not sufficient, to provide nursing care to a patient. The nurse must act, carry out the steps of the model in an organized manner, to provide care meeting the standards of not only the NWC, the hospital, but most importantly, the patient. The National Health Service emphasizes this in its circular model of health care, which places patients and the public in the center of the circle and the providers surrounding them. This organized action involves following the nursing process. The nursing process generally includes four phases: assessment, planning, implementation, and evaluation. While generally performed sequentially, given the myriad of problems and matters a nurse must monitor for just one patient, let alone a dozen patients, it is not uncommon for a nurse to simultaneously be supporting tasks in each of the four

The Role of Government in Policy †Making Essay Example for Free

The Role of Government in Policy – Making Essay The public policy making process often takes place in a policy environment that is broad and comprises of both official and non-official players. Civil society groups that are organized comprise the membership of non-official players. Such groups include women’s lobbies, business associations, labor unions and church organizations.   On the other hand, positions of the formal state are often occupied by the official players.   These positions derive their guidance and means of exercising their authority from the constitution that exist in the country. In addition; it is the political community that describes the formal state positions. A steady transformation which most of the time has been unnoticed has been taking place in the American government and debates have marginalized the previous institutions and processes and public policy has recently been centralized on the new processes especially the non-governmental ones.   By performing the desired work for the people, responsibility has mostly been shared by the American government as well as non-profit organizations, various levels of government and the private companies (Kettl, 2000). The process of policy making often starts with unexpected occurrences and mechanisms that are triggering and this leads to disturbance of the daily routines that take place in the environment.   This process is the responsibility of policy makers who occupy the pivotal positions as concerns power.   These people (policy makers) are often under pressure as they are faced with a variety of competing interests in their quest to come up with informed decisions concerning policies so as to improve the existing conditions and their tasks may become difficult especially in societies where there exist open public expression of opinions and conflicts, for instance the United States (Kettl, 2000).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The shaping of public policy takes place under various institutions and levels of government such as the judiciary, legislature, bureaucracy, President among others.   The legislative plays various roles and tasks in shaping public policy.   Ã‚  The legislature plays the task of formulating policy proposals so that various existing problems can be solved.   Policy formulation consists of factual, the theoretical and value premises.   In an organizational setting, policy formulation lies with the administration of such organizations that are charged with the responsibility of coming up with rational, goal-oriented and responsible policies that could be useful in solving various organizational problems. As a result, these policies when applied by organization result in efficiency in these institutions.   In addition, organizations can then be said to posses drives, values and skills in decision making processes, problem formulation, evaluation and agenda setting.   The legislature’s other role is making of the laws that affect the entire nation positively and at the same time ensure that the interests of their constituencies are met through their representation with the objective of improving the existing quality of life for citizens (Long, 1996). The judiciary on the other hand has actively been active in the process of policy making in United States.   The administration of education, penal, environmental protection, welfare and mental health policies has mainly taken place as a result of the participation of the courts in their formulation.   Courts also play the role of perceiving crimes that have been committed and judges have the responsibility of monitoring the various activities that are conducted by institutions.   In certain circumstances, courts have also attempted to carry out restructuring process in these institutions so that change in their policies as well as processes is implemented (Kettl, 2000).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Salvation Army is a religious based organization, registered in the United States of America, with different goals and objectives.   Although the principle objective of the organization is to spread Christianity, the organizational policies and governance is firmly embedded in the US constitution.   Therefore, the organization is obliged to obey all statutes under the US constitution (Ellickson, 1996).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   For instance, the Salvation Army is required to operate under the associations act whereby elections for some posts in the organization, are supposed to be conducted as provided for in the law.   In addition, the organization operates with a fiscal budget which is subject to auditing as provided for in the law.   Therefore, the Salvation Army strives to meet all government legislations making it a law abiding organization.   By doing that, the Salvation Army upholds basic tenets which ensure that every citizen enjoys their fundamental rights as provided for in the constitution (Ellickson, 1996).   Additionally,   the organization participates in promoting good governance, especially through its corporate social responsibility arm which extends assistance not only to Americans who are needy but also the organization has been in the fore front in promoting bilateral relations through bilateral aid to developing countries. In conclusion, it is evident from the discussion above that the legal process and especially the judiciary in United States of America, plays a significant role in governance.   For an organization like the Salvation Army, the legal process offers the necessary benchmark against which such an organization lays its policies.   Finally,   for law and order to be realized every organization, irrespective of its ideological leaning must uphold the constitution. Reference    Ellickson, R. C. (1996). Controlling Chronic Misconduct in City Spaces: Of Panhandlers, Skid Rows, and Public-Space Zoning. Yale Law Journal, 105(5), 1165-1248. Retrieved August 11, 2007, from Questia database: http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=od=5000328549 Kettl, D. F. (2000). The Transformation of Governance: Globalization, Devolution, and the Role of Government. Public Administration Review, 60(6), 488. Retrieved August 11, 2007, from Questia database: http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=od=5001131131 Long, N. E. (1996). Public Policy and Administration: The Goals of Rationality and Responsibility. Public Administration Review, 56(2), 149-4. Retrieved August 11, 2007, from Questia database: http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=od=5000345114

Diversity management

Diversity management Evaluate how diversity management could have more impact within organisations? Diversity management is one of the most sensitive issues that an organisation has to go through. However, it can be rewarding if it is managed successfully. Diversity can cover many issues such as educational background, lifestyle, ethnicity, age, disability and gender. The purpose of this essay is to evaluate how diversity management could have more of an impact within organisations. Redman and Wilkinson (2001), implies that â€Å"managing diversity refers to the systematic and planned commitment on the part of organisation to recruit and retain employees from diverse demographic backgrounds.† The definition by Redman and Wilkinson suggests by planning, organisations will be able to create a good working environment for their employees from different backgrounds. In order to structure my essay I will begin by writing about the legislations that are involved in both diversity management and equal opportunity. Following up by writing about both equal opportunities and diversity management and why should different organisation adopts this approach Both diversity management and equal opportunity began as a result of various incidents. Discrimination was a common theme within organisations. The Sex Discrimination Act (1975) has had a huge impact in the reduction of discrimination amongst males and females. This legislation improved equality within the organisation especially for women. According to Torrington, et al. (2005) the participation of females in the workplace has increased from 56.8 per cent to 72 per cent (between 1971 to 2001). The legislation has also benefited males, allowing males to pursue â€Å"female jobs† i.e. midwife. Age discrimination can also be common in the work place especially during the later stage of the individuals career. Employees get forced to retire so other young workers can take their place. Young workers are also being discriminated against. A lot of employers believe younger workers are not as loyal as older workers. The Age Discrimination Act helps to minimise any prejudice. The Disability Act has also had a large impact within organisations. Torrington, et al. (2005) explains that disabled workers are less likely to be hired compared to their able-bodied counterpart. Disability discrimination is often overlooked by organisations. Some organisations believe it is not as important as other discrimination laws. Employment Equality (Religion or Belief) Regulations (2003) have also been put in place to help diminish discrimination against ethnic minority. This encourages equality in regards to recruitment. These legislations have allowed organisation to be more aware of discrimination. This was one of the key reasons for the increase in globalisation. Globalisation is the cause of diversity trends, this is clearly monitored by the increase in the â€Å"number of women and members of ethnic minority groups†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.., Additionally, the age profile of the working population is changing,† (Redman and Wilkinson (2001)). This suggests that the age of employees working is on the increase. The quotation also suggests that organisations are opening up to women and members of ethnic minority. This indicates two points. The First point illustrates organisations are hiring male/ female, older/ young workers, disabled workers, and people from ethnic backgrounds due to the positive contribution that they can make into the organisation. The second point is organisations only hire male/ female, older/ young workers, disabled workers, and people from ethnic backgrounds due to the legislations. There are various legislations which influence organisations see appendix 1 for the legislations. Northumbria-police-authority (2009) Point one indicates the organisation believes in managing diversity. Diversity management is very important to businesses, managing it right or wrong could either lead to the success or failure of that business. Hence it has a major impact on the organisation. According to Armstrong (2006) â€Å"managing diversity is about ensuring all people maximize their potential and their contribution to the organization.† This suggests that by valuing diversity there will be a positive effect on the organisation as employees will bring their diverse knowledge into the organisation i.e. experience or fresh ideas. Redman and Wilkinson (2001) stated in their book ‘Contemporary Human Resource Management the general principles of managing diversity, that one of the principles (TO WHAT) was â€Å"given current shortage of labour effective use of diverse skills make good business sense†. This point was perfectly demonstrated during world war two when the men were out at war. Business had to hire female workers to take their place, in order for them to survive. This is a perfect example of diversity management in practice. WW2 is a prime example of how important it is to have a diverse workforce. Having a diverse work force is still important to this very day. It is important from a legal requirement as well as an objective (because it allows the business to move forward). There are various other reasons, why organisation incorporate diversity into the organisation as mentioned later. There are a range of advantages for diversity management. It enables good decision making within an organisation. Seba cultuurmanagement (2004) shares a similar view believing that â€Å"studies of diversity in organizations have shown that an exposure to diverse colleagues helps managers make better decisions†. IKEA can relate to this statement, IKEA is based all around the world, meaning the ideas which revolves in the organisation is the combination of different cultures. MJ, Browaeys and R, Price (2008) backs the statement of Seba, in which they mention a diverse organisation â€Å"as being more flexible and open to new ideas† by being more open to suggestions this will reflect on to the customers not only will they come up with new ideas but they will meet (Browaeys and R, Price (2008)) â€Å"customers needs† this will result in (Seba cultuurmanagement (2004)) â€Å"increase market share† due to â€Å"an increasingly diverse customer base.† The BBC is good at increasing a diverse customer base due to their diversity policy. Their scheme includes taking care of all types of workers i.e. disable workers, male/female, older/ young workers, disable worker, and a person from an ethnic background. All of this is achieved thanks to their diversity management. Out of all of the diversities, Disability is the most undermined diversity by organisations. However, the BBC are the opposite because the encourage and employee disabled workers. They also have TV programmes underlining the importance of disability. They have several experts in sign language, who assist (by helping people hard of hearing), on different programs such as the news. They also clearly layout their diversity message on the BBC website for all to see (BBC 2009). A journal article by C. W. Von Bergen et al, indicates another advantage of having diversity, within the article it declares that â€Å"researchers who have studied top management team diversity have found that they experienced more positive financial returns than more homogeneous teams†. This links to the advantage above. As the increase in the customer base increase so will the financial rewards. Further down the article C. W. Von Bergen et al also mentions â€Å"For tunes 1999 list of Americas 50 Best Companies for Asians, Blacks and Hispanics out per formed the SP 500 over three- and five-year periods† this clearly indicates how important diversity is to any organisation. Another important advantage of diversity management in organisations is attracting new talent as well as retaining current staff. One Workplace Equal Rights (2009) also agrees with diversity management â€Å"recruiting and retaining people from a wide talent base.† The wide talent base indicates the future consists of applicants from different ethnic backgrounds as well as disabled people. This is what diversity management is all about giving everyone a fair chance. The advantages clearly demonstrate why managing diversity is beneficial to any organisation. So applying managing diversity is crucial and there are various ways of managing diversity but the MOSAIC model is one of the most essential models. According to Redman, T and Wilkinson, A (2006), â€Å"Kandola and Fullerton (1994) suggested managing diversity must pervade the entire organisation if it is to be successful.† For this they came up with â€Å"MOSAIC vision†. CIPD (2009) gave a definition of MOSAIC in which they write about the meaning of MOSAIC and what each letter stands for See appendix 2. Firstly they illustrated that mosaic is a strategic tool to â€Å"map your own organisation against this vision and to identify priority areas for your diversity strategy.† They also mention ‘vision, suggesting a picture of a diverse organisation this statement is suggesting MOSAIC helps to look at the current strategy in diversity and helps it improve by construct ing a new policy. The other effective way of applying diversity is through training. Yawen Lai and Brian H. Kleiner (2001) defined â€Å"Diversity training is the process by which a work force is educated about cultural, socio-economic, racial and religious differences among employees and taught how to embrace those differences†. Tthis is similar to Kandola and Fullertons views on diversity management. The most important phrase on the statement is â€Å"process†. This is because employees are required to learn about diversity so diversity becomes one of the top priorities within the organisation. Diversity Training Group (2004) mentions â€Å"Top 10 Reasons Diversity Training Programs Succeed† . It is written by Mauricio Velà ¡squez, and gives 10 principles on effective diversity training. See appendix 3. Diversity management has a good impact on businesses, but it is in no use if the organisations dont conduct diversity in the right way. An example of this is if HR is not involved. In terms of business cases, it is very important that diversity management gets integrated with HR policies and practices. Many, if not all the advantages of diversity management will be successful if they get the backing of HR and the Senior Management. Redman and Wilkinson (2006) indicates â€Å"HR professionals have a wide range of tools available to them for changing the attitudes and the behaviour of their organisations employees.† Form this statement it clearly indicates that HR are influential in the running of the organisation. With the tools HR can attract and retain staff. This example specifically determines how important it is to have HR involved in thriving towards the success of diversity management. A prime example is IKEA. IKEA is a very successful organisation and diversity has played a vital role. IKEA they implemented diversity management during the opening of their first store in Belfast. They demonstrated it by (Business communities 2009) â€Å"the fact that it provides translation for non-UK applicants, both at the recruitment stage and during the induction process†. These polices also helped future employees to reach full potential. Due to HR the policies were successful as HR were involved during the recruitment process. Furthermore IKEA (Business communities 2009) â€Å"continuously promotes cultural diversity through culture and development days.† This process consists of the staff being made aware of the companys diversities ethos during induction. For managers and supervisors there are (Business communities 2009) â€Å" mandatory workshops†. This leads to the staff rating the fairness of their managers, and these ratings are included in the salary review. This process shows IKEAs intentions on diversity management. The Belfast IKEA store was a success it attracted (Business communities 2009) â€Å"3,000 applications were received for 400 jobs†. The diversity work had also dropped the turnover to a low â€Å"9%.† Also, â€Å"external bodies such as Disability Action, Princes Trust and local employability groups† recognised there polices. IKEA also did an advertising campaign on diversity (advertolog 2009) which they called â€Å"long live Diversity†. The number of applicants indicates that if diversity management is done in a right way the organisations reputation will increase resulting in attracting new employees, retaining staff and finally bringing in new customers. Earlier I mentioned two points. The second point relates to Equal Opportunities. Kirton and Greene (2000) said â€Å"equal opportunity exists when all individuals are enabled freely and equally to compete for social category.† Further on Kirton and Greene 2000 mention that people should have the same treatment within the organisation regardless of the individuals social category i.e. gender, disability, age and etc. Equal opportunities can be seen as a free market where everyone is allowed to apply for any jobs and not be discriminated against. A prime example is Torrington, et al. 2005. They say that a selection procedure will not be influenced by stereotypical characteristics. They say â€Å"women will not be prepared to work away from home due to family commitments, that a person with disability will have more time off sick† these are not proven facts but due to these stereotypes many disable workers and women will be discriminated against. This is the reason why equal opportunities legislations are in action. Appendix 1.Northumbria-police-authority (2009) these laws are there to provide a â€Å"level playing field† (Torrington, et al. 2005) for all workers. The legislation ensures that all workers are not at a disadvantage and gives importance to those workers in order for them to compete with other applicants, i.e. â€Å"British Rail has given members of minority groups extra coaching and practice in a selection test for train drivers, as testing taking was not part of their culture† (Torrington, et al. (2005). Equal opportunities will also apply during job advertisement. Organisation will need to be careful of what they write on the job advert, according to an article written by business wings (2009) also agrees with my statement for example â€Å"Avoid stating any requirements that are not directly related to the job such as the candidates marital status or race†. It is very important for the or ganisation not to break the law as there could be hefty penalties as well as the decimation of their reputation. There are various positive to equal opportunities in terms of business case. Redman, T and Wilkinson, A (2006) mentions â€Å"in 1995 the equal opportunities commission launched a campaign to highlight business case for equal opportunities†. This helps link the equal opportunity to organisational goals. One of the positives of equal opportunities is that it brings out the best of HR. It also brings in new business ideas with more diverse work force there would be more ideas generated within the organisation. Kandola and Fullerton (1998) wrote in their book that equal opportunity has changed in recent years. They say â€Å"There is more concern for the business case†. The reason being, organisation look to enhance the profits and reputation, and equal opportunities is one of the important polices that would achieve this. Above is one of the various reasons why businesses integrate equal opportunity and only follow the minimum legal frame work. The foundations of organisations follow the minimum legal frame work that is needed. This is due to the fact that organisations are not simply big enough and do not acquire the resource to carry out diversity management. HR department is one of the vital resources that small organisation lack, HR is a very important asset to an organisation but it is also very costly and the reason why small organisations do not have HR. Another reason why businesses only follow the minimum requirement is the lack the support from Senior Management. For example, a line manger may like to bring in diversity management into the organisation, but due to saving cost or other reasons the Senior Management will reject that proposal. One of the key reasons why organisations follow the minimum obligation is due to the disadvantages of conducting diversity management. One of the disadvantages is means of communicating (CIPD 2009); with different cultures working together they all have different ways opinions, therefore creating conflict within the organisation. It is also difficult when one of the workers has a disability i.e. difficult to speak, this will slow the work down which results in low morale in the workplace. In conclusion, after writing about the diversity management I have realised that it is very important to peruse with diversity management as there are great rewards to be achieved both for the employee and the organisation. Core legal obligation is not the way forward. It is a short term answer to a long term issue. Even with disadvantages of diversity management in mind, the positive outweighs the negative. For example IBM started off by applying minimum obligation in their â€Å"Diversity 1.0† scheme they followed this up by â€Å"diversity 2.0† and now â€Å"Diversity 3.0† (IBM 2009). Then they realised that they could obtain creativity and harmony through diversity management. They believed that a diverse work force can be an advantage â€Å"for innovation†. They also mention â€Å"Our diversity is a competitive advantage and consciously building diverse teams helps us drive the best results for our clients.† (IBM 2009). IBM is one of many examp les of organisations moving towards diversity management hence realising how diversity management impact on the organisation. It is therefore important for all organisations to adopt diversity in order to stay competitive HTTP://WWW.DIVERSITYATWORK.NET/EN/EN_IMPLEMENTING.HTM http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/HR022

Walt Whitman and Dostoyevsky: The human identity

Walt Whitman and Dostoyevsky: The human identity The portrayal of the human identity in the poems of Walt Whitman and Dostoyevsky: Literature plays an important role in the society that is not only related to the level of entertainment. Through the various genres of literature, we can represent ideas to the society through the specific thematic issues raised within the fabric of the texts. Poetry serves the same purpose in the society. Through the use of beauty in the language such as the symbolic sound give the genre an entertaining perspective. Aside from the entertainment, the ideas of the poet about the society are equally presented. The opinions of the writer about a specific subject such as the personal identity and its implication in a society are possible views that can be intertwined in the themes texts. The poems of Walt Whitman and the novella by Dostoyevsky are no exceptions. It is possible that the authors' use of the thematic issues is a portrayal of their opinions about the society. Here, I examine the possible difference or similarity in the portrayal of human identity in the works by the tw o authors. Specifically the works that are selected for this analysis are the poems A noiseless patient spider, the song of myself and A Sight in Camp all by Walt Whitman. Notes from the underground are the work by Dostoyevsky that will be looked at here. Thesis: Non-conformity and independence are used as the major formulators of personal identity in the works of Walt Whitman and Dostoyevsky. Non-conformity is taken in this paper to mean the lack of respect or appreciation for societal expectations. It means that the social obligations and the desire to be free from societal expectation will make a person have the propensity to be independent. This independence is the key factor that will shape the identity of persons in a society. When a child asks the persona about grass in the poem song of myself, the persona could not give an answer about the same question. This sends him wondering in thought in a journey that takes him through the continent of America (Whitman, 56). His epic journey in thought makes him fall in love with nature and he does believe that there is nothing bad that will not contribute to a positive outcome in the system that is nature. Transcendental philosophy and the freedom of thought, in this case, is what informs the persona's identity. The persona develops an opinion of the world through the examination of the different aspects of the society in thought. the cause this is that it is easier to construct the possibilities of the society through the mind. In notes from the underground, the author's intent is to show that through the use of conscious thinking, the personality of an individual can be formed. The narrator, in this case, informs us that the ability to take revenge is in fact not a possibility to him. This is driven by his ability to construct and analyse the possibilities of the action. He believes that the consequences of his actions could lead to other disasters that can be of even more consequences. As a result, the persona opts to do simply nothing but imagine things in the society. This makes him unable to confront his colleagues despite the fact that they have clearly shown that they despised him. The norm in any society is that if anything is wrong, the obligation is on the people living in this society to make changes to the same effect. The use of imagination and the resultant utopia created by the imaginations can also be seen as shaping the identity of the persona in notes from the underground. The persona believes that he could escape from the overall boredom created by work and interpersonal relation through the use of a mental process or imagination on the same. This position can be taken from the fact that the main desire of the persona is to be independent of any external forces that shape the relationships that he had in society. In the poetic works of Whitman especially the A Noiseless Patient Spider, the persona envisions his soul wandering in a vast open space of the ocean while he stands on a promontory (Whitman, 405). The idea that is being projected in the text here is the independence and the lack of influence of any other societal factors like interpersonal relationships. In reality, the possibility of the existence of no factors to influence the thinking or the actions of an individual is a societal impossibility. The author, therefore, uses a level of lack of conformity and adherence to societal norms in these works. The only possibility of the lack of any interference in the society is if there is no individual living with the persona in the same society. A Sight in Camp is also a poem that is used by Whitman to further the ideal of wishful thinking and independence from the social norms. In this poem, the author knows that it is possible for members of different ages and sex to experience suffering occasioned by disease. Still, the author deliberately talks of a faceless perfection and lack of suffering even in a medical camp (Whitman 276). The author's intent is to make us imagine that there is a society in which all the suffering is not present and that people do not recognise each other from a physical perspective. The assumption that the author is also driving here is that there is a possibility of achieving the level of equity that appreciates all beings as perfectly similar regardless of age and social standings. In notes from the underground, the author takes a different approach to dealing with the society, suffering and utopia. The author opines that it is possible that the level of suffering brought about by the different factors in a society could be the norm. However, the use of science and the rationality is a major cause for the deviation of the norm. The persona argues that through suffering, it is possible to have an individual to receive honour or ennoblement. This ennoblement or honour could be what the normal individual would want for themselves and identity. The deviation from this normal point and the lessening of suffering by scientists and rationalists is the cause of a strive towards a utopian society. The argument that the author proposes here is also related to the independence of choice. In a society that the realists and the scientists are constantly working towards making life better, the common man is left with no other choice. The desire to experience anything in life like work and social life is constantly challenged by the idea that are floated by the members of these bodies. The result is that everyone is whipped away from what they so desire and instead moved towards what other people think is ideal. The result is that their personal identity is changed through conforming to these norms but their independence to choose is denied. In conclusion, the main area of discussion in this article concerned the use of non-conformity to societal norms and the level of effect of independence in the creation of personal identity. A review of the works by the two authors reveals a level of similarity in approaches given to the subject of identity in the texts. In all the works, transcendental philosophy underpins the formation of the identity of the persona of the work. According to Dostoyevsky, the use of imagination or conscious thinking has led the persona not to act in any way to change the situation that is prevailing. Despite him realising that it could be wrong or the situation is not right, the consequences of the action hold the persona back. It also affects the level of independence that the author has regarding the ability to make choices on the actual desires like escaping from boredom. Whitman also uses the same philosophy in determining the identity of the persona in most of the works. According to the author , the epic mental journey that is provoked by a Childs question about grass (Whitman 56) has led to a lot of discoveries. The nature of the personal self is among the things that the persona has discovered in the process. Much of the idea that, therefore, shapes the identity of the persona are therefore brought out in a transcendent way. The only difference is in the way the authors handle the concept of the ideal society and the independence to choose a personal identity. In notes from the underground, the persona opines that the choice of the members of the society is not independent. It argues that the choice is as a result of the scientific view of a utopian society. Whitman in contrast feels that it is highly necessary to have a utopian society where everyone is equal, there is no suffering. This idea is explicitly projected in A noiseless patient spider (Whitman 405). It is, therefore, important to conclude that both the authors employ the use of non-conformity and independence as the major formulators of the identity of individuals. Works cited Dostoevsky, Fyodor. Notes from the Underground. Broadview Press, 2014. Whitman, Walt. The Complete Poems of Walt Whitman. Wordsworth Editions, 1995.

How to do a child labor paper: :: Essays Papers

How to do a child labor paper: Child labor may well be morally repugnant but economists go beyond this and rationally argue for policies that will help children. Traditional arguments based on perfect competition are unhelpful and even suggest child labor may be a good thing. The argument is made persuasively in Krugman’s â€Å"In Praise of Cheap Labor†. Legislating higher wages for some group will quite likely reduce overall employment and make workers as a class worse off. Banning child labor may force children away from legitimate work to work that is off the books and not necessarily legal. Given that the sex trade is highly profitable and illegal it is easy to imagine this may well make children far worse off. However, there is a tight rational argument provided by Kaushik Basu to support the moral indignation many of us feel. The key to the argument is the bond between parent and child. Parents will not necessarily do what is in their best interest because they are altruistic and put the interests of the children first. The second key to the argument is that as children are sent= to school rather than work the wages of adults increase. These two create the potential for multiple equilibria. If all children work, then adult wages will be low and adults may well need to send the children to work to survive. However, if all children go to school then adult wages are higher and it may be that now the family can survive and send the children to school. If this is possible, it is what parents will choose because we assumed they are altruistic. (You should explain and add the diagram.) After covering these basics you should do at least some of the following: Discuss how this theory does or does not support trade restrictions on countries that use child labor.

Brendan Behan’s The Quare Fellow and Samuel Beckett Essay -- Brendan B

Brendan Behan’s The Quare Fellow and Samuel Beckett Existential works are difficult to describe because the definition of existentialism covers a wide range of ideas and influences almost to the point of ambiguity. An easy, if not basic, approach to existentialism is to view it as a culmination of attitudes from the oppressed people of industrialization, writers and philosophers during the modern literary period, and people who were personally involved as civilians, soldiers, or rebels during WWII and witnessed the worst aspects of life and war. These attitudes combined the aspects of loss of identity and autonomy, the uselessness of pain, a sense of alienation, and the meaninglessness of a harsh life where death is the only way out; all of these things helped give birth to a new philosophy that for the first time dealt with the cold reality of life after WWII. The canon of existential literature almost singularly deals with native authors from France, Germany, Russia, and the former Czechoslovakia; however, there has yet to be a u niversally accepted Irish writer to belong to this category. Some argue that this segregation of Irish writers has to do with Ireland’s geographical location and its neutrality during WWII; however, if existentialism is purely an amalgamation of attitudes, then a country’s location and direct political policy play a meager role in the classification of a work as existential. Moreover, those arguments pay no attention to expatriates, or the simultaneously related socio-political condition of other countries; thus, a reevaluation of the canon, or at least a reconsideration of Irish works as existential is appropriate. Two Irish playwrights who epitomize the attitudes of existentialism a... ...which criticism and interpretation of modern society are available. Behan and Beckett are trying to open society’s eyes in order for them to question their lives and the world in which they live. When the representations are understood, the audience can begin to question the establishments of society, the rationality of blind or complete faith in a soulless and seemingly meaningless world, and the real purpose and meaning of their own lives. Behan and Beckett heighten expectations of existential writing and thought through their unforgiving and callous treatment of society, which reflects the abominable demeanor and absurdities of modern society and life. Works Cited Beckett, Samuel. Waiting for Godot. New York: Grove Press, 1954. Behan, Brendan. The Quare Fellow. Modern Irish Drama. Ed. John P. Harrington. New York: W.W. Norton & Co, Inc, 1991. 255-310.

Conclusion Cults

The cults are characterized by their methods and also their beliefs. A cult refers to a social group that is cohesive and it is devoted to practices and beliefs of the surrounding culture considered to be out of the mainstream with notably negative or positive admired perceptions. In most of the times cults have a positive and a negative perception with the positive perception relating it to the groups of arts, fiction, writing, music and fashion. On the other hand the negative for cultic movements relates it to pyramidal business groups, questionable therapeutic groups and also extreme political groups.The status of a cultic populist group begins as a rumor of the belief system in a novel including its devotions that are great, its practices that are idiosyncratic and also its positive or negative effects on the members and its perception. In most cases cults are defined in such a way that they are viewed and identified as problematic groups and if we were to do away with the proble matic concern the attributes and the characteristics of cultic groups would not be in existence, (Richardson N. 2004). Types of cults The Utopian CultThis group of people share a belief that the Lord, Jesus Christ returned back to earth way back in the year 70. The return of Christ made it possible for the community to bring the millennium kingdom of Christ themselves. Consequently, the cult believers were able to free themselves of sin and have hence forth been perfected in the world. They do not wait for perfection in heaven since they already attained it down here on earth. This community was characterized by the spirit of communalism. They owned all processions and property communally. They were present in Vermont, New Jersey, Newark, Wallingford and Putney among other places.The community initially had 87 members but the number grew up to 306 by the year 1878. All the branches of this cult were closed down in the year 1854. The only surviving community by the name the Wallingfo rd community was unfortunately devastated and washed away by a tornado way back in 1854. The Apocalypse Cult This cult typology has people who believe that the world is coming to an end. The cult is also commonly known by the term, dooms day cult. They site the examples of the weapons of mass destruction as one of the elements that will bring the world to an end.They claim that the planet earth is being faced by wrath and great threats to the existence of human kind and that it will be wiped off from the face of the earth as well as the world history, (Wilson, Stephen, 1993). The cult holds affirm belief that the Lord Jesus Christ will only come back to earth after there has occurred a holocaust of nuclear in the Middle East. They then argue that the most powerful leaders today have been brainwashed by this belief and that’s the reason why they are propagating for the nuclear weapons and those of mass destruction.They cult leaders who are apocalyptic have contributed to the l oss of lives by thousands of people. The followers believe that they are the chosen ones by Christ and have been saved from the evils of this world and will eternally live at the right most hand of Jesus Christ. They prophesy on the rapture and try to speed up the second coming of Christ. Religious Cults A religious cult has other external religious observances and practices apart from the sacred scriptures and the faith of the believers. Religious cults normally have veneration devotion that goes beyond the living. They are characterized worship of the dead.The observances of religious cults include ceremonies and rituals that may be done in a variety of forms including sacrifice, prayers or hymns. These cult types also have idols and sacred places that are used for pilgrimages, (Weissen, K. 1992). The most notorious cults are the doomsday or apocalyptic cults since they are known to mislead and brainwash their follower’s minds and sometimes even to death. Cults and Canada C anada should have legislation against the formation and following of cults. Cults do lure many innocent citizens who feel that the world has not been fair to them.These people are normally desperate and the cults easily take advantage of this and promise them of a fruitful and good life beyond this earth. Through these cults, hundreds of people have lost their lives where the followers are at times advised by their leaders to take away their lives so as to meet Christ and move away from this desperate and evil world. Cults should hence be done away with and absolutely banned through legislation. The difference between a religion and a cult lies in extremity while the religions don’t and also the cults exhibit them with a greater vigor than all the other religions do.It is important to clearly define the term cult and how it differs or it’s similar to religion. A cult is not just defined as a religion and on the other hand the major world’s religions are not cult s, (Richardson N. 2004). Some people say that the only difference that exists between a cult and a religion is a hundred years. Cults do not have any positive gains since they eventually lead to the destruction of their followers or they misguide and mislead their followers to an extent that they become confused. The followers of a cult do not normally see those who are not part of this form of worship as leading the true way of life.They can even cause harm to those who criticize them, (James, Simon 1993). The strength of the cults is that they are able to lure worshipers into believing on the doctrines of the cult and eventually brainwash them. They are based on materialism and hence innocent people would give in to their ideas. Their main weakness is that they do not end well. More often than not, the cult followers end up losing their lives to the beliefs and ill advice of their leaders. The followers lead a miserable life with the untrue promises given to them by their leaders, (Herm and Jerhard, 2001). Conclusion Cults have existed for very many years to date.Some people normally are not able to tell the difference between cults and the true religious faith. This is more so because there are even religious cults. The cult community normally shares a set of beliefs which could have their end focused on Christ or not. A very prominent editor for the Washington weekly turned down an article proposal on the issue of science and church by saying that the only difference that existed between a religion and a cult was a hundred years. Similarly a larger number of people agree to such sentiments as they equate religions to cults and insist on the blurriness of any line that separates them in any way.It seems perverse for the religious people who are honest to their faiths to be grouped together with those who run cults. References Herm, Jerhard, (2001): The Celts: The People Who Came Out of the Darkness. NY: St. Martin's Press James, Simon (1993): The World of t he Cults. London: Thames and Hudson, 1993. Richardson N. (2004): The Homeric Hymn to Demeter, Oxford Weissen, K. (1992): Goddess Worship and the Status of Women in Ancient Celtic Society. Hampshire College: Wilson, Stephen, (1993): Saints and their Cults: Studies in Religious Sociology, Folklore and History. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press

Edna come back from amrecia Essay

What do you think motivates Muriel to identify June as Edna? Does she morsel on the spur of the moment when she sees June at the waters edge, or has she been clear-cut for some time for individual who peck solve her problems for her? Do you think she real believes that June is Edna?Muriel has been searching for some time for someone who can solve her problems for her because she was at her marbles end, but when June appeared Muriel understood that June was the perfect mortal to take care her family members who were ment ally ill. To illustrate, her buddy was a violent alcoholic, her niece was a mentally ill girl and her sustain had Alzheimers. in that location are m any(prenominal) facts to support that supposition. First, June was leftover with nothing by Alastairs wife, and accordingly when she was on the train on her focus to the place where she had once been happy with her father, a friendly youth had stolen her handbag with all her belongings, so June did not have a ny documents which would identify her. This suspicious fact I think was prepared by Muriel. Second, peradventure Muriel had been following her because she knew that June was homeless without money and hopes.Coincidently, June was discharge to commit suicide when Muriel suddenly had appeared equal her rescuer to offer June her help, and in any case she told her that she was Edna who had been in America. Third, in Muriels house June was introduced to Ted, Muriels husband, who studied June seriously and closely as if she was an examination paper before tolerant his induceance to Muriel about June. Fourth, Muriel had convinced June to reelect her new fashion to the old style which includes her hair and clothes because that is how Edna had dressed before. Fifth, also to convince June more easily that she was Edna, Muriel told June that her mother had passed on, but she had left a man of money and a house for her. Finally, when Muriel gave June Ednas handbag, she found a snapshot, which showed June that she had also had a husband and a little daughter. only these facts were used by Muriel to convince June to accept that she is Edna and not June, but really Muriel knew that June is not Edna.

Strategy on Tata Motors

The acquire of the painter and Land Rover brands catapulted Tata into a assorted league, while also expanding its global footprint dramatically. Jaguar and Land Rover are highly train vehicles, well-engineered and superbly designed, handleing to the upper middle-class motorists virtually the world. While Tata Motors has been running its UK subsidiary at an arms length, it could eventually benefit from its engineering, design and marketing expertise. However, the benefits have non been yet spread to India, and Tatas range still relies on its pre-JLR simple machines.Prime among these is the world fs cheapest four-wheeler, the Nano urban subcompact. It was originally intended to sell for Rs1 lakh (Rs100,000), which at the time was equal to well-nigh US$2,000. The company had ambitious plans for the Nano, including exporting it to western sandwich Europe and North America. In the event, the Nano s toll had to be increased, and it straightway starts at Rs1. 45 lakh with better -equipped and more than sophisticated models running up to double that amount.Given the depreciation of the rupee over the past 18 months, the cheapest Nano can still be purchased for under US$2,400. At the time, it seemed that cheap vehicles were what India and other developing markets wanted. nearly competitors scrambled to emulate the Nano, while sets of second-hand vehicles plunged. However, the strategy now seems to be a mistake. The simple machine is still out-of-the-way(prenominal) more expensive than a motorcycle or a moped, while those who can afford a car are highly image-conscious. They don t want to be seen in a car that is known to be the world s cheapest and looks the part.This line of work has become more acute as Indias car market has entered a period of stagnation, pushing bring down sales. So Tata is fine-tuning its Nano strategy. The new Nano impart be more elegant, will have more desirable features and add-ons and will be given a higher price tag. Tata i s planning to market it to a different host of motorists, including young urban professionals. A new aggroup of highly educated, successful twenty-something has emerged in Indian cities, and they may find the Nano an attractive first vehicle.

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